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Total posts: 361

271 Comparing metapopulation dynamics of infectious diseases under different models of human movement [Ecology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007488118, Newly available datasets present exciting opportunities to investigate how human population movement contributes to the spread of infectious diseases across large geographical distances. It is now possible to construct realistic models of infectious disease dynamics for... 2021-04-29 12:37:46 [Daniel T. Citron, Carlos A. Gu]
270 A Sos proteomimetic as a pan-Ras inhibitor [Biochemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101027118, Aberrant Ras signaling is linked to a wide spectrum of hyperproliferative diseases, and components of the signaling pathway, including Ras, have been the subject of intense and ongoing drug discovery efforts. The cellular activity of Ras is modulated by its association ... 2021-04-29 12:37:46 [Seong Ho Hong, Daniel Y. Yoo,]
269 Structure and activity of SLAC1 channels for stomatal signaling in leaves [Biochemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015151118, Stomata in leaves regulate gas exchange between the plant and its atmosphere. Various environmental stimuli elicit abscisic acid (ABA); ABA leads to phosphoactivation of slow anion channel 1 (SLAC1); SLAC1 activity reduces turgor pressure in aperture-defining guard cell... 2021-04-29 12:37:46 [Ya-nan Deng, Hamdy Kashtoh, Qu]
268 A megastudy of text-based nudges encouraging patients to get vaccinated at an upcoming doctor’s appointment [Medi...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101165118, Many Americans fail to get life-saving vaccines each year, and the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 makes the challenge of encouraging vaccination more urgent than ever. We present a large field experiment (N = 47,306) testing 19 nudges delivered to patients via t... 2021-04-29 12:37:26 [Katherine L. Milkman, Mitesh S]
267 Manipulating Berry curvature of SrRuO3 thin films via epitaxial strain [Physics]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101946118, Berry curvature plays a crucial role in exotic electronic states of quantum materials, such as the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect. As Berry curvature is highly sensitive to subtle changes of electronic band structures, it can be finely tuned via external stimulus. Here... 2021-04-28 11:37:02 [Di Tian, Zhiwei Liu, Shengchun]
266 ADAM9 enhances Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmunity by activating TGF-{beta}1 [Immunology and Inflammation]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023230118, The a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of proteinases alter the extracellular environment and are involved in the development of T cells and autoimmunity. The role of ADAM family members in Th17 cell differentiation is unknown. We identified ADAM9 to be s... 2021-04-28 11:37:02 [Masataka Umeda, Nobuya Yoshida]
265 Loss of resilience preceded transformations of pre-Hispanic Pueblo societies [Sustainability Science]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024397118, Climate extremes are thought to have triggered large-scale transformations of various ancient societies, but they rarely seem to be the sole cause. It has been hypothesized that slow internal developments often made societies less resilient over time, setting them up fo... 2021-04-28 11:37:02 [Marten Scheffer, Egbert H. van]
264 Nucleic acid ligands act as a PAM and agonist depending on the intrinsic ligand binding state of P2RY2 [Biochemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019497118, G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) play diverse roles in physiological processes, and hence the ligands to modulate GPCRs have served as important molecules in biological and pharmacological approaches. However, the exploration of novel ligands for GPCR still remains... 2021-04-28 11:37:02 [Masaki Takahashi, Ryo Amano, M]
263 Genetic removal of p70 S6K1 corrects coding sequence length-dependent alterations in mRNA translation in fragile X syndr...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001681118, Loss of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) causes fragile X syndrome (FXS). FMRP is widely thought to repress protein synthesis, but its translational targets and modes of control remain in dispute. We previously showed that genetic removal of p70 S6 kinase... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Sameer Aryal, Francesco Longo,]
262 Anaerobic gut fungi are an untapped reservoir of natural products [Microbiology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019855118, Anaerobic fungi (class Neocallimastigomycetes) thrive as low-abundance members of the herbivore digestive tract. The genomes of anaerobic gut fungi are poorly characterized and have not been extensively mined for the biosynthetic enzymes of natural products such as anti... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Candice L. Swift, Katherine B.]
261 High-throughput functional variant screens via in vivo production of single-stranded DNA [Microbiology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018181118, Creating and characterizing individual genetic variants remains limited in scale, compared to the tremendous variation both existing in nature and envisioned by genome engineers. Here we introduce retron library recombineering (RLR), a methodology for high-throughput fu... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Max G. Schubert, Daniel B. Goo]
260 Blood-brain barrier opening by intracarotid artery hyperosmolar mannitol induces sterile inflammatory and innate immune ...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021915118, Intracarotid arterial hyperosmolar mannitol (ICAHM) blood–brain barrier disruption (BBBD) is effective and safe for delivery of therapeutics for central nervous system malignancies. ICAHM osmotically alters endothelial cells and tight junction integrity to achieve BBB... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Scott R. Burks, Cymon N. Kersc]
259 Redox control on the tungsten isotope composition of seawater [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023544118, Free oxygen represents an essential basis for the evolution of complex life forms on a habitable Earth. The isotope composition of redox-sensitive trace elements such as tungsten (W) can possibly trace the earliest rise of oceanic oxygen in Earth’s history. However, t... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Florian Kurzweil, Corey Archer]
258 Communication consumes 35 times more energy than computation in the human cortex, but both costs are needed to predict s...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008173118, Darwinian evolution tends to produce energy-efficient outcomes. On the other hand, energy limits computation, be it neural and probabilistic or digital and logical. Taking a particular energy-efficient viewpoint, we define neural computation and make use of an energy-co... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [William B Levy, Victoria G. Ca]
257 Adaptive differentiation and rapid evolution of a soil bacterium along a climate gradient [Ecology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101254118, Microbial community responses to environmental change are largely associated with ecological processes; however, the potential for microbes to rapidly evolve and adapt remains relatively unexplored in natural environments. To assess how ecological and evolutionary proce... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Alexander B. Chase, Claudia We]
256 Improved bounds on entropy production in living systems [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024300118, Living systems maintain or increase local order by working against the second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic consistency is restored as they consume free energy, thereby increasing the net entropy of their environment. Recently introduced estimators for the entrop... 2021-04-27 11:00:46 [Dominic J. Skinner, Jorn Dunke]
255 Network medicine framework for identifying drug-repurposing opportunities for COVID-19 [Systems Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025581118, The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to quickly and reliably prioritize clinically approved compounds for their potential effectiveness for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Here, we deployed algorithms relying on artific... 2021-04-27 11:00:43 [Deisy Morselli Gysi, Italo do]
254 Interacting regional policies in containing a disease [Economic Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021520118, Regional quarantine policies, in which a portion of a population surrounding infections is locked down, are an important tool to contain disease. However, jurisdictional governments—such as cities, counties, states, and countries—act with minimal coordination across... 2021-04-27 11:00:43 [Arun G. Chandrasekhar, Paul Go]
253 In This Issue [This Week in PNAS]

DOI: 10.1073/iti1721118, EVOLUTION Fairydale, Bethulie, in South Africa’s Karoo Basin. End-Permian extinction patterns in South Africa The greatest mass extinction on Earth occurred at the end of the Permian Period, approximately 252 million years ago. However, there are few quantitative investiga... 2021-04-27 08:13:34 [anonymous]
252 Global and country-level estimates of human population at high altitude [Anthropology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102463118, Estimates of the global population of humans living at high altitude vary widely, and such data at the country level are unavailable. Herein, we use a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach to quantify human population at 500-m elevation intervals for each c... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Joshua C. Tremblay, Philip N.]
251 COVID-19 lockdowns show reduced pollution on snow and ice in the Indus River Basin [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sc...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101174118, Melting snow and ice supply water for nearly 2 billion people [J. S. Mankin, D. Viviroli, D. Singh, A. Y. Hoekstra, N. S. Diffenbaugh, Environ. Res. Lett. 10, 114016 (2015)]. The Indus River in South Asia alone supplies water for over 300 million people [S. I. Khan, T. ... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Edward Bair, Timbo Stillinger,]
250 Solar anti-icing surface with enhanced condensate self-removing at extreme environmental conditions [Applied Physical Sc...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100978118, The inhibition of condensation freezing under extreme conditions (i.e., ultra-low temperature and high humidity) remains a daunting challenge in the field of anti-icing. As water vapor easily condensates or desublimates and melted water refreezes instantly, these cause ... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Hongqiang Zhang, Guanlei Zhao,]
249 Warm early Mars surface enabled by high-altitude water ice clouds [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101959118, Despite receiving just 30% of the Earth’s present-day insolation, Mars had water lakes and rivers early in the planet’s history, due to an unknown warming mechanism. A possible explanation for the >102-y-long lake-forming climates is warming by water ice clouds. ... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Edwin S. Kite, Liam J. Steele,]
248 Educational attainment does not influence brain aging [Neuroscience]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101644118, Education has been related to various advantageous lifetime outcomes. Here, using longitudinal structural MRI data (4,422 observations), we tested the influential hypothesis that higher education translates into slower rates of brain aging. Cross-sectionally, education ... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Lars Nyberg, Fredrik Magnussen]
247 Autoregulation of insulin receptor signaling through MFGE8 and the {alpha}v{beta}5 integrin [Physiology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102171118, The role of integrins, in particular αv integrins, in regulating insulin resistance is incompletely understood. We have previously shown that the αvβ5 integrin ligand milk fat globule epidermal growth factor like 8 (MFGE8) regulates cellular uptake of fatty acids. In... 2021-04-26 12:06:03 [Ritwik Datta, Carlos O. Lizama]
246 Active sites for ice nucleation differ depending on nucleation mode [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022859118, The nucleation of ice crystals in clouds is poorly understood, despite being of critical importance for our planet’s climate. Nucleation occurs largely at rare “active sites” present on airborne particles such as mineral dust, but the nucleation pathway is distinc... 2021-04-26 12:06:02 [Mark A. Holden, James M. Campb]
245 Transfer-printed, tandem microscale light-emitting diodes for full-color displays [Engineering]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023436118, Inorganic semiconductor-based microscale light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) have been widely considered the key solution to next-generation, ubiquitous lighting and display systems, with their efficiency, brightness, contrast, stability, and dynamic response superior to... 2021-04-26 12:06:02 [Lizhu Li, Guo Tang, Zhao Shi,]
244 NMR unveils an N-terminal interaction interface on acetylated-{alpha}-synuclein monomers for recruitment to fibrils [Bio...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017452118, Amyloid fibril formation of α-synuclein (αS) is associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Growing evidence suggests that progression of PD is linked to cell-to-cell propagation of αS fibrils, which leads to seeding of ... 2021-04-26 12:06:02 [Xue Yang, Baifan Wang, Cody L.]
243 Thermal niches of planktonic foraminifera are static throughout glacial-interglacial climate change [Earth, Atmospheric,...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017105118, Abiotic niche lability reduces extinction risk by allowing species to adapt to changing environmental conditions in situ. In contrast, species with static niches must keep pace with the velocity of climate change as they track suitable habitat. The rate and frequency of... 2021-04-26 12:06:02 [Gwen S. Antell, Isabel S. Fent]
242 Environmental and economic concerns surrounding restrictions on glyphosate use in corn [Agricultural Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017470118, Since the commercialization of transgenic glyphosate-tolerant (GT) crops in the mid-1990s, glyphosate has become the dominant herbicide to control weeds in corn, soybean, and other crops in the United States and elsewhere. However, recent public concerns over its potent... 2021-04-26 12:06:02 [Ziwei Ye, Felicia Wu, David A.]

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