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Total posts:361, Original posts:361, Reply posts:0

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Total posts: 361

361 Toll9 from Bombyx mori functions as a pattern recognition receptor that shares features with Toll-like receptor 4 from m...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103021118, Toll/Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of the innate immune system in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while mammalian TLRs directly recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, the insect Toll pathway is thought to be primarily activated by... 2021-05-07 11:28:58 [Ruonan Zhang, Xiaofeng Li, Jie]
360 Low nitrogen conditions accelerate flowering by modulating the phosphorylation state of FLOWERING BHLH 4 in Arabidopsis ...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022942118, Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient that affects multiple plant developmental processes, including flowering. As flowering requires resources to develop sink tissues for reproduction, nutrient availability is tightly linked to this process. Low N levels accelerate flo... 2021-05-07 11:28:58 [Miho Sanagi, Shoki Aoyama, Aki]
359 Character displacement drives trait divergence in a continental fauna [Evolution]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021209118, Coexisting (sympatric) pairs of closely related species are often characterized by exaggerated trait differences. This widespread pattern is consistent with adaptation for reduced similarity due to costly interactions (i.e., “character displacement”)—a classic hyp... 2021-05-07 11:28:53 [Sean A. S. Anderson, Jason T.]
358 The intricate relationship between transcription and translation [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106284118, Two conserved processes express the genetic information of all organisms. First, DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) by the multisubunit enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP). Second, the mRNA directs protein synthesis, when the ribosome translates its nucleotide sequ... 2021-05-06 11:17:08 [Michael W. Webster, Albert Wei]
357 Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105968118, Prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA and recurrence of PCR-positive tests have been widely reported in patients after recovery from COVID-19, but some of these patients do not appear to shed infectious virus. We investi... 2021-05-06 11:17:08 [Liguo Zhang, Alexsia Richards,]
356 A kernel-modulated SIR model for Covid-19 contagious spread from county to continent [Statistics]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023321118, The tempo-spatial patterns of Covid-19 infections are a result of nested personal, societal, and political decisions that involve complicated epidemiological dynamics across overlapping spatial scales. High infection “hotspots” interspersed within regions where infe... 2021-05-06 11:17:08 [Xiaolong Geng, Gabriel G. Katu]
355 PIP2 as the “coin of the realm” for neurovascular coupling [Neuroscience]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106308118, Cerebral small vessel diseases (SVDs) are a group of related pathologies that collectively account for over 25% of ischemic strokes and more than 40% of all dementias (1, 2). Although genetic forms have been identified, sporadic SVDs are the most common and become preva... 2021-05-05 11:34:32 [Scott Earley, David Kleinfeld]
354 Opinion: Compound risks and complex emergencies require new approaches to preparedness [Sustainability Science]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106795118, Increasingly, we face compounding and interrelated environmental, socioeconomic, and political crises. Yet our approaches to these problems are often siloed, fragmented, and inadequate. The current pandemic, for instance, continues to collide with a number of other thre... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [A. Kruczkiewicz, J. Klopp, J.]
353 One-trial perceptual learning in the absence of conscious remembering and independent of the medial temporal lobe [Psych...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104072118, A degraded, black-and-white image of an object, which appears meaningless on first presentation, is easily identified after a single exposure to the original, intact image. This striking example of perceptual learning reflects a rapid (one-trial) change in performance, ... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Larry R. Squire, Jennifer C. F]
352 Density-independent plasmons for terahertz-stable topological metamaterials [Applied Physical Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023029118, To efficiently integrate cutting-edge terahertz technology into compact devices, the highly confined terahertz plasmons are attracting intensive attention. Compared to plasmons at visible frequencies in metals, terahertz plasmons, typically in lightly doped semiconducto... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Jianfeng Wang, Xuelei Sui, Wen]
351 Immune evasion in HPV- head and neck precancer-cancer transition is driven by an aneuploid switch involving chromosome 9...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022655118, An aneuploid-immune paradox encompasses somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), unleashing a cytotoxic response in experimental precancer systems, while conversely being associated with immune suppression and cytotoxic-cell depletion in human tumors, especially head an... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [William N. William Jr, Xin Zha]
350 Tau forms oligomeric complexes on microtubules that are distinct from tau aggregates [Cell Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021461118, Tau is a microtubule-associated protein, which promotes neuronal microtubule assembly and stability. Accumulation of tau into insoluble aggregates known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) is a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. The current hypot... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Melina Theoni Gyparaki, Arian]
349 Galectin-3 N-terminal tail prolines modulate cell activity and glycan-mediated oligomerization/phase separation [Biochem...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021074118, Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has a long, aperiodic, and dynamic proline-rich N-terminal tail (NT). The functional role of the NT with its numerous prolines has remained enigmatic since its discovery. To provide some resolution to this puzzle, we individually mutated all 14 NT pro... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Zihan Zhao, Xuejiao Xu, Hairon]
348 Hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent ADAM12 expression mediates breast cancer invasion and metastasis [Medical Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020490118, Breast cancer patients with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in primary tumor biopsies are at increased risk of metastasis, which is the major cause of breast cancer-related mortality. The mechanisms by which intratumoral hypoxia and HIFs regulat... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Ru Wang, Ines Godet, Yongkang]
347 Impaired inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission and transcription studied in single neurons by Patch-seq in Huntingt...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020293118, Transcriptional dysregulation in Huntington’s disease (HD) causes functional deficits in striatal neurons. Here, we performed Patch-sequencing (Patch-seq) in an in vitro HD model to investigate the effects of mutant Huntingtin (Htt) on synaptic transmission and gene t... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Foteini Paraskevopoulou, Poory]
346 Reply to Nagle et al.: The universal stiffening effects of cholesterol on lipid membranes [Physical Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102845118, Based on neutron spin-echo (NSE), solid-state NMR, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we report clear evidence that cholesterol stiffens 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) membranes (1). Contrary to statements by Nagle et al. (2), the relaxations meas... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [Rana Ashkar, Milka Doktorova,]
345 A needless but interesting controversy [Physical Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025011118, A decade ago, four independent groups reported the unanticipated and still surprising result that the bending modulus κ of bilayers of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), unlike other standard lipids, does not increase with addition of cholesterol. This ... 2021-05-05 11:34:21 [John F. Nagle, Evan A. Evans,]
344 Constructing Turing complete Euler flows in dimension 3 [Mathematics]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026818118, Can every physical system simulate any Turing machine? This is a classical problem that is intimately connected with the undecidability of certain physical phenomena. Concerning fluid flows, Moore [C. Moore, Nonlinearity 4, 199 (1991)] asked if hydrodynamics is capable ... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Robert Cardona, Eva Miranda, D]
343 ICAM-1 induced rearrangements of capsid and genome prime rhinovirus 14 for activation and uncoating [Microbiology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024251118, Most rhinoviruses, which are the leading cause of the common cold, utilize intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a receptor to infect cells. To release their genomes, rhinoviruses convert to activated particles that contain pores in the capsid, lack minor capsid... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Dominik Hrebik, Tibor Fuzik, M]
342 SIK2 orchestrates actin-dependent host response upon Salmonella infection [Biochemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024144118, Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen of a substantial global health concern. In order to identify key players involved in Salmonella infection, we performed a global host phosphoproteome analysis subsequent to bacterial infection. Thereby, we identified the kinase SI... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Marcel Hahn, Adriana Covarrubi]
341 CAG RNAs induce DNA damage and apoptosis by silencing NUDT16 expression in polyglutamine degeneration [Neuroscience]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022940118, DNA damage plays a central role in the cellular pathogenesis of polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, including Huntington’s disease (HD). In this study, we showed that the expression of untranslatable expanded CAG RNA per se induced the cellular DNA damage response pathway... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Shaohong Peng, Pei Guo, Xiao L]
340 AI-assisted superresolution cosmological simulations [Astronomy]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022038118, Cosmological simulations of galaxy formation are limited by finite computational resources. We draw from the ongoing rapid advances in artificial intelligence (AI; specifically deep learning) to address this problem. Neural networks have been developed to learn from hig... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Yin Li, Yueying Ni, Rupert A.]
339 Hydraulic and electric control of cell spheroids [Biophysics and Computational Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021972118, We use a theoretical approach to examine the effect of a radial fluid flow or electric current on the growth and homeostasis of a cell spheroid. Such conditions may be generated by a drain of micrometric diameter. To perform this analysis, we describe the tissue as a co... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Charlie Duclut, Jacques Prost,]
338 Ultrafast X-ray scattering offers a structural view of excited-state charge transfer [Chemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021714118, Intramolecular charge transfer and the associated changes in molecular structure in N,N′-dimethylpiperazine are tracked using femtosecond gas-phase X-ray scattering. The molecules are optically excited to the 3p state at 200 nm. Following rapid relaxation to the 3s st... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Haiwang Yong, Xuan Xu, Jennife]
337 Image-charge effects on ion adsorption near aqueous interfaces [Chemistry]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020615118, Electrostatic interactions near surfaces and interfaces are ubiquitous in many fields of science. Continuum electrostatics predicts that ions will be attracted to conducting electrodes but repelled by surfaces with lower dielectric constant than the solvent. However, se... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Chang Yun Son, Zhen-Gang Wang]
336 Microswimmers learning chemotaxis with genetic algorithms [Applied Physical Sciences]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2019683118, Various microorganisms and some mammalian cells are able to swim in viscous fluids by performing nonreciprocal body deformations, such as rotating attached flagella or by distorting their entire body. In order to perform chemotaxis (i.e., to move toward and to stay at h... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Benedikt Hartl, Maximilian Hub]
335 PI(3,4)P2-mediated membrane tubulation promotes integrin trafficking and invasive cell migration [Cell Biology]

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017645118, Invadopodia are integrin-mediated adhesions with abundant PI(3,4)P2. However, the functional role of PI(3,4)P2 in adhesion signaling remains unclear. Here, we find that the PI(3,4)P2 biogenesis regulates the integrin endocytosis at invadopodia. PI(3,4)P2 is locally prod... 2021-05-04 11:43:12 [Zhen Feng, Cheng-han Yu]
334 Optofluidic multiplex detection of single SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A antigens using a novel bright fluorescent probe ass...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2103480118, The urgency for the development of a sensitive, specific, and rapid point-of-care diagnostic test has deepened during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we introduce an ultrasensitive chip-based antigen test with single protein biomarker sensitivity for the differenti... 2021-05-04 11:42:35 [Alexandra Stambaugh, Joshua W.]
333 In This Issue [This Week in PNAS]

DOI: 10.1073/iti1821118, EARTH, ATMOSPHERIC, AND PLANETARY SCIENCES Water ice clouds on modern Mars. April 1999 mosaic of ∼10 low-orbit Mars Global Surveyor Mars Orbiter Camera wide-angle visible-light images projected onto a sphere with center of view at 15°N, 90°W. White features are water ic... 2021-05-04 08:10:33 [anonymous]
332 Reply to Swartz et al.: Challenges and opportunities for identifying forced labor using satellite-based fishing vessel m...

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104563118, We appreciate Swartz et al. (1) for highlighting several key considerations for interpreting our results (2). While we discuss many of these in our paper, we are grateful to further highlight our work’s strengths, limitations, and future opportunities. A major challen... 2021-05-03 12:09:57 [Gavin G. McDonald, Christopher]

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